RESUMO
Os responsáveis pelos serviços de água e saneamento têm um papel relevante na prevenção e controle do vírus causador da doença COVID-19, e é importante que o abastecimento de água, saneamento e higiene sejam gerenciados com segurança, garantindo o cumprimento das regulamentações nacionais. Recomenda-se ativar os mecanismos de coordenação entre os diferentes setores relacionados à água e saneamento, tais como: saúde, educação, habitação, meio ambiente, municípios, instituições governamentais e reguladoras, para facilitar ações conjuntas, oportunas e de maior impacto.
Los responsables de agua y saneamiento tienen un rol relevante en la prevención y control de COVID-19, por lo que es importante que los servicios de agua, saneamiento e higiene sean gestionados de forma segura, garantizando el cumplimiento de las normativas nacionales.
Assuntos
Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Água/métodos , Saneamento/instrumentação , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , BetacoronavirusRESUMO
Se presenta un estudio transdisciplinario que focaliza aspectos de la salud ambiental de las comunidades tobas (qom) en relación con la problemática hídrico-sanitaria de la región del Impenetrable chaqueño. Se obtuvo información mediante métodos de investigación participativa, observación en el ámbito doméstico, y documentación etnobotánica de especies relacionadas al manejo y uso del agua. Se registraron términos vernáculos referidos a la aptitud y el sabor del agua, así como las representaciones, actitudes y prácticas en relación con las prácticas de obtención y depuración. Asimismo se realizó una exploración microbiológica y físico-química, la que se cotejó con las categorías perceptuales. Se observó que los aspectos perceptuales estarían en tensión con la calidad higiénica del agua. Se documentaron plantas freatófitas, indicadoras de presencia agua, acuíferas, floculantes, refrescantes y mejoradoras del sabor. Los resultados de esta investigación se discuten en relación con el enfoque ecosistémico y la formulación de propuestas de intervención.
We present a transdisciplinary study centering on aspects of environmental health of the Toba (qom) communities that relate to water and health problems of the Impenetrable Chaco region. Information was obtained through the methods and tools of participatory research, household participant observation, and ethnobotanical documentation of species related to water management and use. Vernacular terms referring to the suitability and taste of the water, as well as representations, attitudes and practices related to water collection and purification were recorded. In addition, a microbiological and physicochemical analysis of the water was performed and compared with the perceptual categories. It was observed that perceptual aspects were in tension with the hygienic quality of water. We documented phreatophyte plants, indicative of the presence of water, as well as plants that store water, act as flocculants, refresh the water or improve taste. The results of this research are discussed from an ecosystem approach and its relationship to the development of proposals for intervention.
Assuntos
Humanos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Saúde da População Rural/etnologia , Purificação da Água/métodos , Qualidade da Água , Abastecimento de Água/métodos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Etnobotânica , Entrevistas como AssuntoRESUMO
Background: Effect of population increase on public water and sanitation facilities in densely populated area, Aboabo, Kumasi, Ghana. Materials and Methods: Town sheet maps, layout and population census data of Aboabo. GPS for observing spatial locations existing water and sanitation facilities and field verification exercise in the study. GIS for building geodatabase, digitization and Cartographic Visualization. Questionnaires were used to collect non-spatial information on the sanitation facilities and all public facilities. Results: GIS and a Statistical Approach have been respectively used to develop cartographic and mathematical models to analyse, predict and visualize the effect of population increase on public water and sewage facilities in densely populated area. The developed mathematical models correlates with the population at each instance to the required number of water accessible points or standing pipes as well as the number of required public toilet (sewage) facilities. The cartographic and mathematical models provides an efficient and effective means of mitigating diseases associated with water and sanitation; and informs planners and assembly members of the effects of increasing population on public facilities for proper future planning and geospatial decision making; and to ensure proper infrastructural management at the community levels. Conclusions: Effective decision support systems for analysing, predicting and visualizing public water and sewage facilities in densely populated area. Draws the awareness of the government, concerned groups and non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's) to the extreme detrimental effect that the increase in population has, especially on public water and sewage facilities and how it can be managed at the community level.